File reviews, peer review programmes, the firm's continuing professional development structure, software and audit-methodology choices. ICAEW's monitoring visits feed into how underwriters perceive a practice's risk discipline.

12. Audit-specific PI considerations

The sale documentation has to deal with it explicitly. We cover the practice-sale considerations in our companion article on practice mergers and sales for architects — the principles for accountants are very similar. Underwriters look at five things before they price your renewal. Knowing what they look at lets you prepare a renewal submission that gets you a sensible quote rather bet betting sites with welcome bonus and free spins than a reluctant one. What proportion of your fees comes from audit, from tax advice, from accounts preparation, from corporate finance, from MLR-supervised work, from insolvency, from outside-the-UK clients?

We Arrange PI Insurance For

Audit and tax advice carry higher loss costs in the underwriter's models; a practice that is 80% accounts-prep-for-OMBs and 20% personal-tax is a different risk from a practice that is 60% audit and 30% transaction work. Five years of claims, notifications and circumstances is the standard underwriter ask. A clean history priced through cleanly; a notified circumstance that hasn't crystallised into a claim still hangs over the renewal until it's closed out. If you have a notification, the renewal submission should explain what the circumstance was, what was done about it, and why it shouldn't crystallise. Acting for financial services clients, listed companies, public sector bodies, charities, regulated professions (other accountants, solicitors), or businesses in sectors with high transaction activity carries different loss expectations. Fifth, whether you are a registered auditor.

Member Type / Firm Size	Minimum Limit of Indemnity (per claim)	Minimum Excess (per claim)	Policy Basis
Practising Certificate Holder (Sole Practitioner)	£100,000	£2,500	Civil Liability
Firm (1-3 Partners)	£250,000	£5,000	Civil Liability
Firm (4-10 Partners)	£500,000	£10,000	Civil Liability
Firm (11+ Partners)	£1,000,000	£25,000	Civil Liability

As above — audit is a separately-underwritten activity even within a single PI policy. The work you do before you submit the renewal proposal form is what shapes the quote.

Optional extras for accountans

ACCA also mandates six years' run-off cover and, for firms with principals or staff, fidelity guarantee insurance. A practice holding both ICAEW and ACCA registration needs to meet whichever regulator's bar is higher on each metric. AAT licensed members in practice need PI cover on an "any one claim" basis. AAT's minimum is the greater of 2.5 times gross fee income or a floor that depends on structure — £50,000 for sole traders, £100,000 for partnerships and limited companies — with a maximum required limit of £1m once gross fee income exceeds £400,000. The obligation is real and AAT's monitoring will check it.

A costly miscalculation

Beyond your professional body, two further regulators may apply. HMRC through the Money Laundering Regulations supervises tax and accountancy services for AML purposes; firms not supervised by ICAEW, ACCA, AAT or a similar body must register with HMRC. The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) regulates statutory audit through the Recognised Supervisory Bodies — ICAEW, ICAS, ACCA and Chartered Accountants Ireland — and through its own oversight of major audits, and statutory auditors have additional PII expectations layered on top. If you operate across England, Scotland and Wales the same broad framework applies; ICAS (the Scottish professional body) operates its own PI requirements for its practising members. Most practices that lose a claim discover they should have been carrying more.

15.5 Bonding versus PI — the line in practice

The regulator's floor is the minimum a body felt comfortable mandating across an entire profession; the figure that's right for your practice depends on the size of the engagements you take on, the sectors you work in, and the corporate structure your clients sit in. A rough proxy: think about your three largest live engagements. What's the value of the transactions, balance sheets or tax positions you're signing off across those three? Your PI limit should comfortably exceed the worst-case financial exposure on the most exposed one, with headroom for defence costs (which themselves frequently run into six figures on a contested claim). Owner-managed-business practices doing accounts prep and personal tax for SME directors might find £500,000 to £1m of cover is sensible. We are happy to walk a practice through what to include and how to present it; it is, in our experience, the highest-leverage hour you spend each year.

Report any accident or incident to the insurer within the timeframe specified in the policy document.
Cooperate fully with the insurer's appointed claims handler or loss adjuster during a claim.
Do not admit liability at the scene of an accident; let the insurers handle the investigation.
Obtain a police report for any accident involving injury, significant damage, or a hit-and-run.
Keep detailed records and photographs of damage, the scene, and other parties involved.

Apex is an independent FCA-authorised insurance broker.

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Practices with corporate finance, lead-advisory or insolvency capability typically buy at the £2m mark and upward. Audit firms — particularly those auditing financial services entities, pension schemes or listed companies — buy higher again, sometimes much higher. We deal with this in detail in our companion article on how much PI cover your practice actually needs. The shape of the limit also matters. Most accountancy PI policies are written on a bet bookmakers uk online claims-made basis with a per-claim limit and an aggregate cap across the policy year.

3.6 Subsidiary undertakings, networks and overseas branches

A £1m "any one claim" policy with an unlimited aggregate covers very differently from a £1m "any one claim, £2m aggregate" policy, which in turn covers very differently from a £1m "in the aggregate" policy where one big claim exhausts your cover for the year. The popular image of an accountancy PI claim is a complex tax-advice dispute. Working from anonymised industry patterns, the recurring categories include: A client follows advice on, for example, an Entrepreneurs' Relief (now Business Asset Disposal Relief) claim, an EIS scheme, a SDLT planning arrangement, or a pension contribution structure. The client owes the tax plus interest plus penalties and turns on the accountant for the difference between the position they thought they were in and the position they ended up in. These are the high-value claims — settlements in the £200,000-to-£1m range are routine, sometimes much more.

Loyalty-based free bets

Closely related but distinct: the client argues that the accountant should have pointed out a tax-saving opportunity, or warned them about an exposure, and didn't. These are often harder to defend because the file may not record everything that was discussed. Where a registered auditor signs off accounts that later prove materially misstated, the audit firm is the obvious target. The post-2018 hardening of audit-firm PI premiums followed several high-profile audit failures. As in the opening scenario — the buyer of a business relies on management accounts or due-diligence work that turns out to overstate value. We are not tied to any one insurer, we are not a network, and we do not run our own policy or our own underwriting decision.

Declare all material facts relevant to the risk, such as the vehicle's primary use (e.g., business, commuting).
Accurately state the vehicle's registered address and where it is normally kept overnight.
Disclose any previous insurance claims, cancellations, or refusals within the period requested by the insurer.
Provide correct information about the driver's license status, points, and convictions for all drivers.
Declare any pre-existing damage to the vehicle before the policy inception.

We act as your broker, which under FCA Conduct of Business rules means we represent your interests in the negotiation with the insurance market. In practice that means we take your renewal information, present it to insurers we think will price your particular profile sensibly, negotiate terms, explain the differences in wording between the quotes that come back, and document the decision so that it stands up to your own internal compliance review and your professional body's monitoring.

What to do next

The claim is for the diminution in value, which can easily exceed the transaction fees the accountant earned. A corporation tax return late, a P11D missed, a confirmation statement filed wrong — usually low-value individually, but they multiply if a number of clients are affected by the same internal failure. Insolvency advice (where the firm gives it). If the practice has insolvency-qualified members, advice that contributes to wrongful trading findings against directors can become an accountant's problem too. Strictly fee disputes are outside PI, but it is common for a client to refuse to pay and then countersue on the underlying work — which immediately puts PI in play.

6.2 The composite CIOT/ATT picture

If you wind down your practice, retire, or sell, your liability for work already done does not vanish. Claims-made PI responds only if the policy in force when the claim is notified covers the alleged work. Once you stop trading and stop paying premiums, your last policy is the last policy that will ever respond — unless you buy run-off. ICAEW requires that, when a firm ceases to be engaged in public practice, run-off cover meeting the PII Regulations is held for at least two years, and that the firm then takes "all reasonable steps" to maintain compliant cover for a further four years — six years in total. The six-year figure aligns with the ordinary contractual limitation period under English law (twelve years for deeds, which is unusual in accountancy but not unheard of).

8.1 The AAT minimum

ACCA's requirement is more prescriptive still: six years' run-off is mandatory. The economic reality is that the limitation period for negligence claims is six years from the date the cause of action arose, with later "long-stop" possibilities for latent damage under the Latent Damage Act 1986. Two years is the mandatory floor under ICAEW's regulations; six is the practical standard and the ACCA mandate; more is sometimes prudent. Run-off is typically priced as a single up-front premium based on a multiple of your last year's working premium (commonly 100% to 250% across the run-off period in aggregate). Selling rather than winding down does not automatically transfer your run-off obligation to the acquirer. We do not promise a particular price or a particular insurer — those are underwriting decisions that depend on your individual profile — and we do not have a quota with any insurer that would skew our recommendation. What we do guarantee, because it is regulatory, is that we act fairly, with integrity, and with reasonable skill and care, and that we tell you the basis on which we are remunerated. That information is on our Terms of Business page, and the route to raising any concerns about our service is on our Complaints page.

Keep proof of insurance accessible, either in physical or digital form, for presentation to authorities.
Ensure all named drivers on the policy are disclosed and meet the insurer's eligibility criteria.
Pay insurance premiums on time to avoid policy lapse and potential legal penalties.
Understand the policy's territorial limits and ensure coverage applies for where you drive.

If you are within ninety days of your PI renewal, this is the moment to look at the policy you currently hold and decide whether the limit, the wording, and the broker relationship are doing what you need them to. If you are mid-policy, this is the moment to make sure your file shows everything notifiable has been notified — the rules on disclosure during the year are strict and getting that wrong is the single most common reason a claim fails to be covered.

Maintain a valid motor insurance certificate (Certificate of Motor Insurance) for each vehicle.
Ensure the insurance policy covers at least third-party liability as a minimum legal requirement.
Display a valid insurance disc on the vehicle's windscreen if required by local jurisdiction.
Notify your insurer immediately of any changes to vehicle details or registered keeper.
Inform the insurer of any modifications that could affect the vehicle's risk profile.